典藏之作: oracle 常用命令大汇总

第一章：日志管理

<P>
    1.forcing log switches

<P>    sql> alter system switch logfile;

<P>    2.forcing checkpoints

<P>    sql> alter system checkpoint;

<P>    3.adding online redo log groups

<P>    sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]

<P>    sql> ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m;

<P>    4.adding online redo log members

<P>    sql> alter database add logfile member

<P>    sql> '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1,

<P>    sql> '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2;

<P>    5.changes the name of the online redo logfile

<P>    sql> alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'

<P>    sql> to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

<P>    6.drop online redo log groups

<P>    sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;

<P>    7.drop online redo log members

<P>    sql> alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

<P>    8.clearing online redo log files

<P>    sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile 'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo';

<P>    9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles

<P>    a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' '

<P>    b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:\oracle\oradb\log');

<P>    c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log',

<P>    sql> dbms_logmnr.new);

<P>    d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log',

<P>    sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);

<P>    e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora');

<P>    f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters

<P>    sql> v$logmnr_logs);

<P>    g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;</P>

>copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf (alter tablespace offline) <P>    >recover datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' or <P>    >recover tablespace user_data; <P>    >alter database datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' online or <P>    >alter tablespace user_data online; <P>    --method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile) <P>    >startup mount <P>    >alter database datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' offline; <P>    >alter database open <P>    >copy c:\backup\user.dbf d:\oradata\user.dbf <P>    >alter database rename file 'c:\oradata\user.dbf'to 'd:\oradata\user.dbf' <P>    >recover datafile 'e:\oradata\user.dbf' or recover tablespace user_data; <P>    >alter tablespace user_data online; <P>    --method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log) <P>    >alter tablespace user_data offline immediate; <P>    >alter database create datafile 'd:\oradata\user.dbf'as 'c:\oradata\user.dbf'' <P>    >recover tablespace user_data; <P>    >alter tablespace user_data online <P>    5.perform an open database backup <P>    > alter tablespace user_data begin backup; <P>    > copy files /backup/ <P>    > alter database datafile '/c:/../data.dbf' end backup; <P>    > alter system switch logfile; <P>    6.backup a control file <P>    > alter database backup controlfile to 'control1.bkp'; <P>    > alter database backup controlfile to trace; <P>    7.recovery (noarchivelog mode) <P>    > shutdown abort <P>    > cp files <P>    > startup <P>    8.recovery of file in backup mode <P>    >alter database datafile 2 end backup; <P>    9.clearing redo log file <P>    >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1; <P>    >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile; <P>    10.redo log recovery <P>    >alter database add logfile group 3 'c:\oradata\redo03.log'size 1000k; <P>    >alter database drop logfile group 1; <P>    >alter database open; <P>    or >cp c:\oradata\redo02.log' c:\oradata\redo01.log <P>    >alter database clear logfile 'c:\oradata\log01.log';</P>

第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY <P>    1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat <P>    2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size <P>    3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback <P>    > v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions <P>    4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog) <P>    > shutdown immediate <P>    > cp files /backup/ <P>    > startup <P>    5.restore to a different location <P>    > connect system/manager as sysdba <P>    > startup mount <P>    > alter database rename file '/disk1/../user.dbf'to '/disk2/../user.dbf'; <P>    > alter database open; <P>    6.recover syntax <P>    --recover a mounted database <P>    >recover database; <P>    >recover datafile '/disk1/data/df2.dbf'; <P>    >alter database recover database; <P>    --recover an opened database <P>    >recover tablespace user_data; <P>    >recover datafile 2; <P>    >alter database recover datafile 2; <P>    7.how to apply redo log files automatically <P>    >set autorecovery on <P>    >recover automatic datafile 4; <P>    8.complete recovery: <P>    --method 1(mounted databae) <P>    >copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf <P>    >startup mount <P>    >recover datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf; <P>    >alter database open; <P>    --method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile) </P>

第十一章： manager role <P>    1.create roles <P>    sql> create role sales_clerk; <P>    sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus; <P>    sql> create role hr_manager identified externally; <P>    2.modify role <P>    sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by commission; <P>    sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally; <P>    sql> alter role hr_manager not identified; <P>    3.assigning roles <P>    sql> grant sales_clerk to scott; <P>    sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager; <P>    sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin option; <P>    4.establish default role <P>    sql> alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk; <P>    sql> alter user scott default role all; <P>    sql> alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk; <P>    sql> alter user scott default role none; <P>    5.enable and disable roles <P>    sql> set role hr_clerk; <P>    sql> set role sales_clerk identified by commission; <P>    sql> set role all except sales_clerk; <P>    sql> set role none; <P>    6.remove role from user <P>    sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott; <P>    sql> revoke hr_manager from public; <P>    7.remove role <P>    sql> drop role hr_manager; <P>    8.display role information <P>    view: =>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,
role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles </P>

第十章：managing privileges <P>    1.system privileges: view => system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs <P>    2.grant system privilege <P>    sql> grant create session,create table to managers; <P>    sql> grant create session to scott with admin option; <P>    with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role; <P>    3.sysdba and sysoper privileges: <P>    sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile, <P>    alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database <P>    alter database archivelog,restricted session <P>    sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until <P>    4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users <P>    5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema <P>    6.revoke system privilege <P>    sql> revoke create table from karen; <P>    sql> revoke create session from scott; <P>    7.grant object privilege <P>    sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public; <P>    sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option; <P>    8.display object privilege : view => dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs <P>    9.revoke object privilege <P>    sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints]; <P>    10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$ <P>    11. protecting the audit trail <P>    sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access; <P>    12.statement auditing <P>    sql> audit user; <P>    13.privilege auditing <P>    sql> audit select any table by summit by access; <P>    14.schema object auditing <P>    sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful; <P>    15.view audit option : view=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,
dba_obj_audit_opts <P>    16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,
dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement </P>

第九章：Managing users <P>    1.create a user: database authentication <P>    sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users <P>    sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire <P>    sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default]; <P>    2.change user quota on tablespace <P>    sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users; <P>    3.drop a user <P>    sql> drop user juncky [cascade]; <P>    4. monitor user <P>    view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas</P>

第八章： managing password security and resources <P>    1.controlling account lock and password <P>    sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock; <P>    2.user_provided password function <P>    sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30), <P>    old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean <P>    3.create a profile : password setting <P>    sql> create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3 <P>    sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 <P>    sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function <P>    sql> password_grace_time 5; <P>    4.altering a profile <P>    sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3 <P>    sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10; <P>    5.drop a profile <P>    sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade]; <P>    6.create a profile : resource limit <P>    sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2 <P>    sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480; <P>    7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost <P>    dba_Users,dba_profiles <P>    8. enable resource limits <P>    sql> alter system set resource_limit=true;</P>

第七章：reorganizing data <P>    1.using expoty <P>    $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y <P>    2.using import <P>    $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y <P>    3.transporting a tablespace <P>    sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only; <P>    $exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts <P>    triggers=n constraints=n <P>    $copy datafile <P>    $imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2 <P>    /sles02.dbf) <P>    sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write; <P>    4.checking transport set <P>    sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>'sales_ts' ..,incl_constraints=>true); <P>    在表transport_set_violations 中查看 <P>    sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含</P>

第六章：LOAD数据 <P>    1.loading data using direct_load insert <P>    sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging <P>    sql> select * from emp_old; <P>    2.parallel direct-load insert <P>    sql> alter session enable parallel dml; <P>    sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging <P>    sql> select * from emp_old; <P>    3.using sql*loader <P>    sql> sqlldr scott/tiger \ <P>    sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \ <P>    sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true</P>

第五章：约束 <P>    1.define constraints as immediate or deferred <P>    sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default; <P>    set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred; <P>    2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints <P>    sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints <P>    3. define constraints while create a table <P>    sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable <P>    sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); <P>    primary key/unique/references table(column)/check <P>    4.enable constraints <P>    sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id; <P>    5.enable constraints <P>    sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;</P>