典藏之作: oracle 常用命令大汇总

第一章：日志管理

<P>
    1.forcing log switches

<P>    sql> alter system switch logfile;

<P>    2.forcing checkpoints

<P>    sql> alter system checkpoint;

<P>    3.adding online redo log groups

<P>    sql> alter database add logfile [group 4]

<P>    sql> ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m;

<P>    4.adding online redo log members

<P>    sql> alter database add logfile member

<P>    sql> '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1,

<P>    sql> '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2;

<P>    5.changes the name of the online redo logfile

<P>    sql> alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'

<P>    sql> to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

<P>    6.drop online redo log groups

<P>    sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;

<P>    7.drop online redo log members

<P>    sql> alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';

<P>    8.clearing online redo log files

<P>    sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile 'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo';

<P>    9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles

<P>    a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' '

<P>    b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:\oracle\oradb\log');

<P>    c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log',

<P>    sql> dbms_logmnr.new);

<P>    d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log',

<P>    sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);

<P>    e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora');

<P>    f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters

<P>    sql> v$logmnr_logs);

<P>    g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;</P>

第二章：表空间管理 <P>    1.create tablespaces <P>    sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf' size 100m, <P>    sql> 'c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf' size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging] <P>    sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0) <P>    sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause] <P>    2.locally managed tablespace <P>    sql> create tablespace user_data datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf' <P>    sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; <P>    3.temporary tablespace <P>    sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile 'c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf' <P>    sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; <P>    4.change the storage setting <P>    sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m; <P>    sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999); <P>    5.taking tablespace offline or online <P>    sql> alter tablespace app_data offline; <P>    sql> alter tablespace app_data online; <P>    6.read_only tablespace <P>    sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write; <P>    7.droping tablespace <P>    sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents; <P>    8.enableing automatic extension of data files <P>    sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf'size 200m <P>    sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m; <P>    9.change the size fo data files manually <P>    sql> alter database datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'resize 200m; <P>    10.Moving data files: alter tablespace <P>    sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf' <P>    sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf'; <P>    11.moving data files:alter database <P>    sql> alter database rename file 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf' <P>    sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';  </P>

第三章：表 <P>    1.create a table <P>    sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....) <P>    sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer] <P>    sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] <P>    sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) <P>    sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache] <P>    2.copy an existing table <P>    sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery <P>    3.create temporary table <P>    sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay; <P>    on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows <P>    4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size <P>    pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space) <P>    5.change storage and block utilization parameter <P>    sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k <P>    sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100); <P>    6.manually allocating extents <P>    sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf'); <P>    7.move tablespace <P>    sql> alter table employee move tablespace users; <P>    8.deallocate of unused space <P>    sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer] <P>    9.truncate a table <P>    sql> truncate table table_name; <P>    10.drop a table <P>    sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints]; <P>    11.drop a column <P>    sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000; <P>    alter table table_name drop columns continue; <P>    12.mark a column as unused <P>    sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints; <P>    alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000; <P>    alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000 <P>    data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs </P>

第四章：索引 <P>    1.creating function-based indexes <P>    sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); <P>    2.create a B-tree index <P>    sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace <P>    sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] <P>    sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 <P>    sql> maxextents 50); <P>    3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows <P>    4.creating reverse key indexes <P>    sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k <P>    sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; <P>    5.create bitmap index <P>    sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k <P>    sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; <P>    6.change storage parameter of index <P>    sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); <P>    7.allocating index space <P>    sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf'); <P>    8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;</P>

第五章：约束 <P>    1.define constraints as immediate or deferred <P>    sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default; <P>    set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred; <P>    2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints <P>    sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints <P>    3. define constraints while create a table <P>    sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable <P>    sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); <P>    primary key/unique/references table(column)/check <P>    4.enable constraints <P>    sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id; <P>    5.enable constraints <P>    sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;</P>

第六章：LOAD数据 <P>    1.loading data using direct_load insert <P>    sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging <P>    sql> select * from emp_old; <P>    2.parallel direct-load insert <P>    sql> alter session enable parallel dml; <P>    sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging <P>    sql> select * from emp_old; <P>    3.using sql*loader <P>    sql> sqlldr scott/tiger \ <P>    sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \ <P>    sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true</P>

第七章：reorganizing data <P>    1.using expoty <P>    $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y <P>    2.using import <P>    $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y <P>    3.transporting a tablespace <P>    sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only; <P>    $exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts <P>    triggers=n constraints=n <P>    $copy datafile <P>    $imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2 <P>    /sles02.dbf) <P>    sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write; <P>    4.checking transport set <P>    sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>'sales_ts' ..,incl_constraints=>true); <P>    在表transport_set_violations 中查看 <P>    sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含</P>

第八章： managing password security and resources <P>    1.controlling account lock and password <P>    sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock; <P>    2.user_provided password function <P>    sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30), <P>    old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean <P>    3.create a profile : password setting <P>    sql> create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3 <P>    sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 <P>    sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function <P>    sql> password_grace_time 5; <P>    4.altering a profile <P>    sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3 <P>    sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10; <P>    5.drop a profile <P>    sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade]; <P>    6.create a profile : resource limit <P>    sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2 <P>    sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480; <P>    7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost <P>    dba_Users,dba_profiles <P>    8. enable resource limits <P>    sql> alter system set resource_limit=true;</P>

第九章：Managing users <P>    1.create a user: database authentication <P>    sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users <P>    sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire <P>    sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default]; <P>    2.change user quota on tablespace <P>    sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users; <P>    3.drop a user <P>    sql> drop user juncky [cascade]; <P>    4. monitor user <P>    view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas</P>

第十章：managing privileges <P>    1.system privileges: view => system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs <P>    2.grant system privilege <P>    sql> grant create session,create table to managers; <P>    sql> grant create session to scott with admin option; <P>    with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role; <P>    3.sysdba and sysoper privileges: <P>    sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile, <P>    alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database <P>    alter database archivelog,restricted session <P>    sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until <P>    4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users <P>    5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema <P>    6.revoke system privilege <P>    sql> revoke create table from karen; <P>    sql> revoke create session from scott; <P>    7.grant object privilege <P>    sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public; <P>    sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option; <P>    8.display object privilege : view => dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs <P>    9.revoke object privilege <P>    sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints]; <P>    10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$ <P>    11. protecting the audit trail <P>    sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access; <P>    12.statement auditing <P>    sql> audit user; <P>    13.privilege auditing <P>    sql> audit select any table by summit by access; <P>    14.schema object auditing <P>    sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful; <P>    15.view audit option : view=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,
dba_obj_audit_opts <P>    16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,
dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement </P>